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Uruguay

South America • Countries
Uruguay - Panoramic Places of Interest Atlas including Historic Quarter of the City of Colonia del Sacramento, Fray Bentos Industrial Landscape, Palacio Salvo, Teatro SolĂ­s, Estadio Centenario, Mercado del Puerto, Montevideo Metropolitan Cathedral, Fortaleza de Santa Teresa, Grutas del Palacio, National Museum of Visual Arts (MNAV), Casapueblo, La Mano de Punta del Este, Cabo Polonio, Castillo de Piria, Quebrada de los Cuervos, Isla de Lobos

Top Sights & Landmarks

01

Historic Quarter of the City of Colonia del Sacramento

Colonial Gem on the RĂ­o de la Plata

02

Fray Bentos Industrial Landscape

The Kitchen of the World

03

Palacio Salvo

Montevideo's Iconic Skyscraper

04

Teatro SolĂ­s

Uruguay's Premier Opera House

05

Estadio Centenario

The Birthplace of the World Cup

06

Mercado del Puerto

A Culinary and Ironwork Marvel

07

Montevideo Metropolitan Cathedral

The Mother Church of Montevideo

08

Fortaleza de Santa Teresa

A Monument to Imperial Rivalry

09

Grutas del Palacio

Prehistoric Rock Formations

10

National Museum of Visual Arts (MNAV)

The Heart of Uruguayan Art

11

Casapueblo

A Livable Sculpture by the Sea

12

La Mano de Punta del Este

The Hand Emerging from the Sand

13

Cabo Polonio

An Off-Grid Coastal Hamlet

14

Castillo de Piria

The Alchemist's Castle

15

Quebrada de los Cuervos

The Gorge of the Crows

16

Isla de Lobos

Hemisphere's Largest Sea Lion Colony

The Banda Oriental: A Gentle Horizon of Grass and Sea

There is a specific cadence to life in Uruguay, a rhythmic persistence that feels less like the frantic ticking of a clock and more like the steady, rolling expanse of the Atlantic meeting the silver currents of the RĂ­o de la Plata. Often described as the "Switzerland of South America" due to its early adoption of progressive social policies and a stable, democratic identity, Uruguay is fundamentally something else entirely. It is a nation of wide horizons and profound simplicity. Tucked neatly between the massive territorial shadows of Brazil and Argentina, Uruguay does not compete through sheer scale. Instead, it asserts its presence through the quiet confidence of its rolling pampas, the golden sweep of its Atlantic coastline, and a cultural soul that finds its deepest expression in the melancholic notes of a tango or the communal warmth of a shared mate.

To understand the geography of this nation is to understand the soul of a people who have lived in rhythm with the land for centuries. The territory is defined by its subtle undulations. Here, there are no looming Andes or suffocating tropical canopies. The terrain is a vast, temperate prairie, a sea of waving green grass carved by river arteries that sustain a vibrant agricultural heart. This landscape has fostered a nation that values social cohesion, pastoral traditions, and a democratic ethos that remains one of the most robust in the Western Hemisphere. To delve deeper into the narrative arc that birthed this unique state, you can explore the comprehensive history of Uruguay, where the legacy of independence and the forging of a national identity are meticulously documented with primary sources and educational guides.

An Ethos Forged in Consensus

Uruguay’s defining theme is arguably its internal balance. It is a country that chose a path of civic moderation in a region historically characterized by volatile shifts. This temperate spirit is not an accident of geography, but a consequence of the way the country emerged from its colonial past. Caught between the imperial ambitions of the Spanish and the Portuguese, the land known as the Banda Oriental became a crucible for a unique, borderless identity. It was a place where independence was not just a political act, but a movement to create a society defined by consensus and the rule of law.

This historical evolution is best understood through engagement. For students and history enthusiasts looking to test their mastery of these formative moments, we provide an interactive history puzzle. This activity challenges users to align the nation's pivotal dates in their proper chronological order, transforming dates and treaties into a tangible sense of sequence. Through this interaction, one gains an appreciation for the structural stability that defines Uruguay today, as well as the moments of friction that helped crystallize the nation's steadfast dedication to its sovereign, democratic traditions.

From the Plaza Independencia to the Rocha Coast

The visual identity of Uruguay is one of startling contrast between the refined urbanity of its capital and the raw, untamed nature of its interior. Montevideo, a city of wide, tree-lined boulevards and resilient colonial architecture, serves as the intellect of the nation, while the distant, sparsely populated regions of the north and the jagged coastal bluffs of the east offer a look at the wilder side of the Atlantic rim. Throughout these regions, memory and landscape intertwine. Those who wish to immerse themselves in the key moments that shaped the landscape—from the battles of the nineteenth century to the social advancements of the twentieth—will find value in our history cinematic showcase, an audio-visual journey that renders history in motion.

Beyond the monuments and the dates, there is the immediate pull of the country’s geography as it exists in the present day. From the world-famous beaches of Punta del Este, where the elite gather under a sapphire sky, to the humble, historic cobblestones of Colonia del Sacramento, the points of interest in Uruguay tell a story of resilience, tourism, and environmental preservation. To witness these landmarks in full glory, please browse our POI cinematic showcase. Here, the essence of the country is brought to life, offering a window into the natural splendor and the architectural treasures that wait for every curious traveler.

The Soul of the Landscape

When you stand on a ridge in the department of TacuarembĂł, gazing out across the endless grassy swells of the interior, it becomes clear why Uruguay has maintained such a distinct cultural persona. The land is exposed, open, and utterly honest. There are few secrets kept by the terrain; instead, the country shares itself openly with those who take the time to traverse its modest, undulating topography. The culture of the gaucho, which persists today in rural areas as a living, breathing tradition, is a testament to the pastoral heritage that sits at the foundation of the Uruguayan national psyche.

Uruguay operates as a testament to the idea that greatness is not merely a measurement of territory, but a measure of quality of life, civic commitment, and the protection of the human spirit. Whether through the lens of a researcher studying the unique energy grid of the country or a student learning about its remarkably literate population, Uruguay offers a wealth of knowledge. It is a nation that asks for little but gives back in equal measure, welcoming the traveler into its quiet plazas and its vast, golden pastures with a sincerity that has become all too rare in the modern world. At GeoGnos, we invite you to continue your investigation into this corner of the globe, keeping in mind that in Uruguay, every kilometer, every river, and every town tells a part of a larger story—one of a people who have crafted a quiet, enduring triumph on the banks of the South Atlantic.

Location

Latitude
-33° N
Longitude
-56° E
N S W E
World Map Location
Geographic Location

Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil

Map Reference
South America

Area

Total Area
176,215 sq km
Land (99%)
Land: 175,015 sq km
Water: 1,200 sq km

Elevation

Highest Point
Cerro Catedral
Cerro Catedral 514 m
Lowest Point
Atlantic Ocean
Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Mean Elevation
109 m

Detailed Geography Information

Coastline

660 km

Geography - note

second-smallest South American country (after Suriname); most of the low-lying landscape (three-quarters of the country) is grassland, ideal for cattle and sheep

Irrigated land

2,230 sq km (2018)

Land boundaries

Total boundary: 1,591 km
Argentina 541 km
Brazil 1050 km

Major aquifers

Guarani Aquifer System

Major lakes (area sq km)

salt water lake(s): Lagoa Mirim (shared with Brazil) - 2,970 sq km

Major rivers (by length in km)

Rio de la Plata/Parana river mouth (shared with Brazil [s], Argentina, Paraguay) - 4,880 km; Uruguay river mouth (shared with Brazil [s] and Argentina) - 1,610 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or the edge of continental margin

Natural hazards

seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind that blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes from weather fronts

Natural resources

arable landhydropowerminor mineralsfish

Terrain

mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland

Population & Growth

-0.10% Growth
3,449,444
Total inhabitants (2025 est.)
Male: 48.7% (1,678,419) Female: 51.3% (1,771,025)

Age Distribution

0-14 years
18.9%
~651,945
15-64 years
65.4%
~2,255,936
65 years
15.7%
~541,563
Note: 2024 est.

Demographic Longevity

Median Age
37.4 years
Male
34.9 yrs
Female
38.2 yrs
Life Expectancy
78.9 years
Male
75.8 yrs
Female
82.1 yrs

Vital Dynamics

Birth Rate
9.05
births per 1,000 people
Death Rate
9.88
deaths per 1,000 people
Net Migration
+0.19
migrants per 1,000 people
Fertility Rate
1.27
children born per woman

Detailed People & Society Information

Alcohol consumption per capita

5.42 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

1.8% (2018 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

55.4% (2023 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 48.7 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 26.2 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 22.5 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 4.4 (2025 est.)

Education expenditure

4.8%

4.8% of GDP (2023 est.) 15.6% national budget (2023 est.)

Ethnic groups

White
87.7%
Black
4.6%
Indigenous
2.4%
other
0.3%
none or unspecified
5%

Gross reproduction rate

0.62 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

9.4%

9.4% of GDP (2021) 20.9% of national budget (2022 est.)

Hospital bed density

2.5 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 6.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 9.1 deaths/1,000 live births female: 6.8 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Literacy

total population: 98.9% (2024 est.) male: 98.6% (2024 est.) female: 99.2% (2024 est.)

Major urban areas - population

1.774 million MONTEVIDEO (capital) (2023)

Maternal mortality ratio

15 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Nationality

noun: Uruguayan(s) adjective: Uruguayan

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

27.9% (2016)

Physician density

4.67 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Population distribution

most of the country's population resides in the southern half of the country; approximately 80% of the populace is urban; nearly half of the population lives in and around the capital of Montevideo

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Total Displaced & Vulnerable Persons
32,187 individuals
Refugees
99.9%
32,149
32,149 (2024 est.)
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
0.1%
33
33 (2024 est.)
Stateless Persons
0.0%
5
5 (2024 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic
36.5%
Protestant
5%
Adventist
0.2%
Protestant
0.3%
African American Cults/Umbanda
2.8%
Jehovah's Witness
0.6%
Church of Jesus Christ
0.2%
other
1%
Believer
1.8%
agnostic
0.3%
atheist
1.3%
none
47.3%
unspecified
3.4%
Roman Catholic
42%
Protestant
15%
other
6%
agnostic
3%
atheist
10%
unspecified
24%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 18 years (2022 est.) male: 16 years (2022 est.) female: 19 years (2022 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

total: 18% (2025 est.) male: 21.3% (2025 est.) female: 14.9% (2025 est.)

Climate & Issues

Climate Profile

warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown

Key Environmental Issues
water pollution from meat-packing, tannery industries heavy metal pollution inadequate solid and hazardous waste disposal deforestation

Land Cover

Coverage Distribution
Agri (81%)
Arable: 12.6%
Crops: 0.2%
Pasture: 68.6%
Forest: 11.4%

Air & Carbon Emissions

Annual CO2 Output 2023 est.
6.896 million
Coal (18%) Oil (0%) Gas (82%)
PM2.5 Exposure 8.5 µg/m³
0 5 (WHO Limit) 15 25 35+
Methane Emissions
energy: 18.1 kt (2022-2024 est.)

Water Resources & Use

Renewable Water Resources 172.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Annual Water Withdrawal
municipal: 424.428 million cubic meters (2022)
Municipal (9%) Ind (13%) Agri (77%)

Detailed Environmental Information

Geoparks

total global geoparks and regional networks: 1 global geoparks and regional networks: Grutas del Palacio (2023)

International environmental agreements

Antarctic-Environmental ProtectionAntarctic-Marine Living ResourcesAntarctic TreatyBiodiversityClimate ChangeClimate Change-Kyoto ProtocolClimate Change-Paris AgreementComprehensive Nuclear Test BanDesertificationEndangered SpeciesEnvironmental ModificationHazardous WastesLaw of the SeaMarine Dumping-London ProtocolNuclear Test BanOzone Layer ProtectionShip PollutionWetlandsWhaling

Urbanization

urban population: 95.8% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.4% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.26 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 24.8% (2022 est.)

Capital & State Profile

Capital City
Montevideo
-34.85° N, -56.1667° E
Timezone UTC-3
Government Type
presidential republic
Independence 1825-08-25
National Holiday 08-25

Executive Branch

Chief of State
President Yamandú ORSI Martínez (since 1 March 2025)
Head of Government
President Yamandú ORSI Martínez (since 1 March 2025)
Last Election 27 October 2024, with a runoff on 24 November 2024
Next Election 28 October 2029, with a runoff, if needed, on 25 November 2029
Cabinet Council of Ministers appointed by the president with approval of the General Assembly

Legislative Branch

bicameral
Legislature Name General Assembly (Asamblea General)
Lower Chamber House of Representatives (Cámara de Representantes)
Seats 99 (all directly elected)
Term 5 years
% Women 31.3%
Parties Composition
Broad Front (FA) 48National Party (PN) 29Colorado Party (PC) 17Other 5
Upper Chamber Senate (Cámara de Senadores)
Seats 31 (all directly elected)
Term 5 years
% Women 32.3%
Parties Composition
Broad Front (FA) 16National Party (PN) 9Colorado Party (PC) 5

National Identity & Symbols

National Flag Description

nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; a white square in the upper-left corner has a yellow sun with a human face (outlined in black) known as the Sun of May, with 16 rays that alternate between triangular and wavy

Symbolic Meaning the stripes represent the country's nine original departments; the sun refers to the legend of the sun breaking through the clouds on 25 May 1810 as independence was declared from Spain; the sun is said to be Inti, the Inca god of the sun
National Symbol Sun of May (a sun-with-face symbol)
National Colors blue, white, yellow
National Anthem Himno Nacional (National Anthem of Uruguay)

Detailed Government Information

Administrative divisions

19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandú, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San José, Soriano, Tacuarembó, Treinta y Tres

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: yes citizenship by descent only: yes dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 3-5 years

Constitution

history: several previous; latest approved by plebiscite 27 November 1966, effective 15 February 1967, reinstated in 1985 at the conclusion of military rule amendment process: initiated by public petition of at least 10% of qualified voters, proposed by agreement of at least two fifths of the General Assembly membership, or by existing "constitutional laws" sanctioned by at least two thirds of the membership in both houses of the Assembly; proposals can also be submitted by senators, representatives, or by the executive power and require the formation of and approval in a national constituent convention; final passage by either method requires approval by absolute majority of votes cast in a referendum

Country name

conventional long form: Oriental Republic of Uruguay conventional short form: Uruguay local long form: República Oriental del Uruguay local short form: Uruguay former: Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province etymology: name derives from the Uruguay River, which makes up the western border of the country; the river's name comes from the Guarani words uru (bird) and guay (tail)

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice (consists of 5 judges) judge selection and term of office: judges nominated by the president and appointed by two-thirds vote in joint conference of the General Assembly; judges serve 10-year terms, with reelection possible after a lapse of 5 years following the previous term subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; District Courts (Juzgados Letrados); Peace Courts (Juzgados de Paz); Rural Courts (Juzgados Rurales)

Legal system

civil law system based on the Spanish civil code

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 3 (all cultural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Historic City of Colonia del Sacramento; Fray Bentos Industrial Landscape; The work of engineer Eladio Dieste: Church of Atlántida

Political parties

Broad Front or FA (Frente Amplio) - (a broad governing coalition that comprises 34 factions including Popular Participation Movement or MPP, Uruguay Assembly, Progressive Alliance, Broad Social Democratic Space, Socialist Party, Vertiente Artiguista, Christian Democratic Party, Big House, Communist Party, The Federal League, Fuerza Renovadora) Colorado Party or PC (including Batllistas and Ciudadanos) Intransigent Radical Ecologist Party (Partido Ecologista Radical Intransigente) or PERI Independent Party National Party or PN (including Todos (Everyone) and National Alliance) Open Cabildo Popular Unity

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal and compulsory

Economic Overview

high-income, export-oriented South American economy; South America’s largest middle class; low socioeconomic inequality; growing homicide rates; growing Chinese and EU relations; 2019 Argentine recession hurt; key milk, beef, rice, and wool exporter

Size & Performance

Real GDP (PPP)
$108.502 billion
Latest available estimate (2024)
2023: $105.231 billion2022: $104.456 billion
Real GDP Growth
3.1% (2024 est.)
+3.1%
GDP Per Capita (PPP)
$32,000
2023: $31,1002022: $30,800

GDP Sector Breakdown

Agriculture: 6.4%Industry: 16.8%Services: 65.3%
Origin GDP %
Agriculture 6.4%
Industry 16.8%
Services 65.3%

Trade Balance

Trade Position
Trade Surplus
$4.21 billion
Total Exports
$23.329 billion (2024 est.)
Total Imports
$19.117 billion (2024 est.)
Exports (55%) Imports (45%)

Budget Balance

Budget Position
Budget Surplus
+$9.97 billion
Revenues
$27.781 billion (2023 est.)
Expenditures
$17.808 billion (2023 est.)
Revenues (61%) Expenditures (39%)

Export Profile

Top Export Partners

Note: 2023; top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Major Export Commodities

wood pulpbeefmilkricewood

Import Profile

Top Import Partners

Note: 2023; top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Major Import Commodities

crude petroleumrefined petroleumcarstrucksfertilizers

Labor & Employment

Total Labor Force 1.768 million (2024 est.)
General Unemployment Rate 8.5%
Youth Unemployment (Ages 15-24) 26.4%
Population Below Poverty Line 10.1% (2023 est.)

Income Inequality

Gini Coefficient (Family Income) 40.9
0 (Perfect Equality) High Inequality 100 (Perfect Inequality)

Family Income / Consumption Share

Lowest 10%: 2.1% (2023 est.) Highest 10%: 30.8% (2023 est.)
Inequality Gap: Top 10% holds 14.7x the share of the bottom 10%.

Detailed Economic Data

Agricultural products

milkricewheatbarleysoybeansbeefrapeseedsugarcanemaizebeef offal

Current account balance

-$821.38 million (2024 est.) -$2.64 billion (2023 est.) -$2.675 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exchange rates

Uruguayan pesos (UYU) per US dollar - Exchange rates: 40.213 (2024 est.) 38.824 (2023 est.) 41.171 (2022 est.) 43.555 (2021 est.) 42.013 (2020 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use

Industrial production growth rate

4.4% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

food processingelectrical machinerytransportation equipmentpetroleum productstextileschemicalsbeverages

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

4.8% (2024 est.) 5.9% (2023 est.) 9.1% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Public debt

62.4% of GDP (2023 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Remittances

0.2% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.2% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.2% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$17.378 billion (2024 est.) $16.257 billion (2023 est.) $15.127 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Taxes and other revenues

18.7% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Grid Infrastructure

Electricity Access 100%
Capacity 5.682 million kW (2023 est.)
Consumption 9.826 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Exports 2 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Imports 84 million kWh (2023 est.)
Grid Losses: 1.136 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Generation Mix

Percentage Share of Production
wind 37%
hydroelectricity 27.3%
biomass and waste 23.9%
fossil fuels 8%
solar 3.8%

Fossil Fuels Production

Petroleum
Production 400 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Consumption 50,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Natural Gas
Consumption 90.018 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Imports 90.871 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Coal
Consumption 8,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Imports 13,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Intensity & Nuclear

Energy Consumption Per Capita 45.755 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
No nuclear energy infrastructure or reactor operations reported in this country dossier.

Digital Access

.uy
Internet Usage 90%

Active internet users as a percentage of the total population.

Fixed Broadband

Penetration Rate 32 / 100
Total Subscriptions 1.1 million (2023 est.)

Mobile Cellular

Penetration Rate 146 / 100
Total Subscriptions 4.93 million (2024 est.)

Broadcast Media

mix of privately owned and state-run broadcast media; over 100 commercial radio stations and about 20 TV channels; cable TV is available; many community radio and TV stations; adopted the hybrid Japanese/Brazilian HDTV standard (ISDB-T) in 2010 (2019)

Aviation

CX
Airports
65
As of 2025
Heliports
4
As of 2025

Railways

Total Track Length
1,673 km
National Network Data from 2016

Ports & Harbors

Ports Count 8
Hover for breakdown & key ports As of 2024

Merchant Marine

Commercial Fleet
58 ships
Hover for vessel types breakdown As of 2023

Military Expenditures

GDP Allocation 2.1%
2.1% of GDP (2024 est.) 2% of GDP (2023 est.) 2% of GDP (2022 est.) 2.3% of GDP (2021 est.) 2% of GDP (2020 est.)

Active Duty Strengths

approximately 23,000 active-duty Armed Forces (15,000 Army; 5,000 Navy; 3,000 Air Force) (2025)

Refers to active military personnel.

Service & Defense Details

Military and security forces

Armed Forces of Uruguay (Fuerzas Armadas del Uruguay or FF.AA. del Uruguay): National Army, National Navy (includes Coast Guard (Prefectura Nacional Naval or PRENA)), Uruguayan Air Force Ministry of Interior: National Police (2025) note: the National Police includes the paramilitary National Republican Guard (Guardia Nacional Republicana)

Military deployments

630 Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO); 210 Golan Heights (UNDOF) (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the military's inventory includes a variety of mostly older or secondhand equipment originating from a range of suppliers, including Brazil, Germany, Russia/former Soviet Union, South Korea, and the US (2025)

Military - note

the armed forces are responsible for defense of the country’s independence, national sovereignty, and territorial integrity, as well as protecting strategic resources; it has some domestic responsibilities, including perimeter security for a number of prisons, border security, and providing humanitarian/disaster assistance; it also assists the Ministry of Interior in combating narcotics trafficking; the military participates in UN peacekeeping missions and multinational exercises with foreign partners; Uruguay traditionally has held security ties with Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and the US; since 2018, it has also signed defense cooperation agreements with China and Russia (2025)

Military service age and obligation

generally 18-30 years of age (up to 22 for the Navy and up to 40 for some specialist positions) for voluntary military service for men and women; initial 24-month service obligation (2025)