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Argentina

South America • Countries
Argentina - Panoramic Places of Interest Atlas including Cueva de las Manos, Pucará de Tilcara, Quebrada de Humahuaca, San Ignacio Miní, Plaza de Mayo & Casa Rosada, Recoleta Cemetery, Ischigualasto Provincial Park, Teatro Colón, Iguazu Falls, Caminito, La Boca, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes, Perito Moreno Glacier, Ushuaia & Tierra del Fuego National Park, Mount Aconcagua, Península Valdés, Nahuel Huapi National Park

Top Sights & Landmarks

01

Cueva de las Manos

Ancient Cave Art of Patagonia

02

Pucará de Tilcara

Pre-Inca Fortification

03

Quebrada de Humahuaca

Vibrant Andean Valley Route

04

San Ignacio MinĂ­

17th-Century Jesuit Ruins

05

Plaza de Mayo & Casa Rosada

The Political Heart of Argentina

06

Recoleta Cemetery

City of the Dead

07

Ischigualasto Provincial Park

Valley of the Moon

08

Teatro ColĂłn

World-Renowned Opera House

09

Iguazu Falls

The Devil's Throat and Beyond

10

Caminito, La Boca

Birthplace of the Tango

11

Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes

Argentina's Premier Art Museum

12

Perito Moreno Glacier

The Advancing Ice Giant

13

Ushuaia & Tierra del Fuego National Park

The End of the World

14

Mount Aconcagua

Highest Peak in the Americas

15

Península Valdés

Marine Wildlife Sanctuary

16

Nahuel Huapi National Park

The Argentine Lake District

The Argentine Horizon: Where Geography Meets the Soul

To speak of Argentina is to speak of distance. It is a nation of immense spatial grace, stretching like an elegant, jagged spire from the sub-tropical warmth of the north to the glacial, wind-scoured silence of the Antarctic fringe. At the southern tip of the South American continent, Argentina functions not merely as a territory, but as a vast, living theater of geography. Here, the sheer scale of the landscape has dictated the temperament of its people, the rhythms of its music, and the contours of its identity. To understand Argentina, one must embrace the dichotomy of the Pampa, those endless, golden grasslands that once defined the economic soul of the nation, and the brooding, snow-capped majesty of the Andes, which provide the jagged backbone to a country perpetually looking toward the horizon.

The Argentine experience is layered, deep, and occasionally melancholic, yet it possesses a relentless vitality. It is a land built upon layers of migration, where European aesthetics dance with Indigenous foundations and the indelible imprint of the gaucho spirit. It is this unique blending of worlds that transforms a traveler’s visit from a mere vacation into a profound study of how environment shapes human history. Whether you are seeking a scholarly look at the foundations of the state as you explore the history of Argentina or simply looking to immerse yourself in the aesthetics of the past, this land offers a curriculum unlike any other.

The Pampa and the Peak: A Geographical Duet

The geography of Argentina is characterized by extremes, and these extremes act as the nation’s natural chapters. To the west, the Andes mountains rise like a physical wall, an insurmountable barrier that has defined trade routes, climate patterns, and historical migrations. To the east, the Atlantic coast creates a soft, expansive border, while the interior is dominated by the Pampa. This vast, fertile plain was historically the engine of the nation, a place of cattle and song that provided the lifeblood of the Argentine identity. Between these two poles exist the temperate forests of the south, the arid salt flats of the northwest, and the powerful, roaring waters of the Iguazú Falls in the humid northeast.

Understanding these spaces is a cornerstone of our GeoGnos journey. We invite you to view the landscape through a different lens by engaging with our POI Cinematic Showcase, which highlights how these geographical wonders serve as the anchor points for both national heritage and natural beauty. It is the contrast between the icy stillness of the Glaciar Perito Moreno and the bustling urban architecture of Buenos Aires that teaches us that Argentina is not a monolith, but a tapestry of ecosystems and cultures.

A Chronology of Transformation

The history of Argentina is as rugged and storied as the topography of Patagonia. From the pre-colonial indigenous civilizations that cultivated the valleys to the profound social transformations of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the narrative arc of the country is both complex and deeply compelling. It is a story of aspiration, invention, and adaptation. Educators and students who wish to test their knowledge of this progression can challenge themselves with our History Puzzle. By arranging the defining moments of this nation in their proper order, you unlock a clearer vision of how Argentina solidified its place on the global stage.

History is not merely about dates, but about the visual continuity of a society. For those who prefer to digest this complex past through a visual narrative, our History Cinematic Showcase offers an immersive experience. It bridges the gap between static text and sensory understanding, providing students and scholars with the tools to visualize the evolution of the state, from its independence movements to its modern identity as a cultural powerhouse of the southern hemisphere.

The Cultural Tapestry

The Argentine people are perhaps the country's most fascinating feature. Shaped by immense waves of immigration and a deep, historical respect for their land, the demographic profile of the nation reflects a unique confluence of global influence. You will find that the cultural soul of Argentina is a mix of nostalgia and forward-thinking ambition. It is expressed in the intricate, rhythmic tension of the tango, the contemplative drinking of yerba mate, and the intellectual fervor that permeates the cafes of every major city.

This spirit extends from the classroom to the kitchen and from the mountain range to the shipyard. In our GeoGnos examination, we celebrate this diversity as the defining characteristic of a modern, open, and vibrant society. Argentina invites you not just to observe its geography, but to participate in its history and appreciate its complex role in the world community. It is a nation that remains in a constant state of evolution, forever influenced by the sweeping plains of its heartland and the towering peaks that guard its borders.

As you navigate these pages, consider the relationship between the earth and the Gnos, the geography and the knowledge. Every glacier, every field of grass, and every cobblestone street in Buenos Aires has a story to tell. Argentina is not merely a stop on the map of the world, but a classroom of the spirit, waiting to be learned and deeply felt by all who visit.

Location

Latitude
-34° N
Longitude
-64° E
N S W E
World Map Location
Geographic Location

Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Chile and Uruguay

Map Reference
South America

Area

Total Area
2,780,400 sq km
Land (98%)
Land: 2,736,690 sq km
Water: 43,710 sq km

Elevation

Highest Point
Cerro Aconcagua (located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza; highest point in South America)
Cerro Aconcagua (located in the northwestern corner of the province of Mendoza; highest point in South America) 6,962 m
Lowest Point
Laguna del Carbón (located between Puerto San Julián and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz)
Laguna del Carbón (located between Puerto San Julián and Comandante Luis Piedra Buena in the province of Santa Cruz) -105 m
Mean Elevation
595 m

Detailed Geography Information

Coastline

4,989 km

Geography - note

second-largest country in South America (after Brazil); strategic location relative to sea lanes between the South Atlantic and the South Pacific Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); diverse geophysical landscapes range from tropical climates in the north to tundra in the far south; Cerro Aconcagua is the Western Hemisphere's tallest mountain, while Laguna del Carbón is the lowest point in the Western Hemisphere; shares Iguazú Falls, the world's largest waterfalls system, with Brazil

Irrigated land

13,910 sq km (2018)

Land boundaries

Total boundary: 11,968 km
Bolivia 942 km
Brazil 1263 km
Chile 6691 km
Paraguay 2531 km
Uruguay 541 km

Major aquifers

Guaraní Aquifer System

Major lakes (area sq km)

fresh water lake(s): Lago Buenos Aires (shared with Chile) - 2,240 sq km; Lago Argentino - 1,410 sq km; Lago Viedma - 1,090 sq km; Lago San Martín (shared with Chile) - 1,010 sq km; Lago Colhué Huapi - 800 sq km; Lago Fagnano (shared with Chile) - 590 sq km; Lago Nahuel Huapi - 550 sq km salt water lake(s): Laguna Mar Chiquita - 1,850 sq km;

Major rivers (by length in km)

Río de la Plata/Paraná river mouth (shared with Brazil [s], Paraguay, and Uruguay) - 4,880 km; Paraguay (shared with Brazil [s], and Paraguay [m]) - 2,549 km; Uruguay (shared with Brazil [s] and Uruguay [m]) - 1,610 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds (area sq km)

Atlantic Ocean drainage: Paraná (2,582,704 sq km)

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin

Natural hazards

San Miguel de Tucumán and Mendoza areas in the Andes subject to earthquakes; pamperos are violent windstorms that can strike the pampas and northeast; heavy flooding in some areas volcanism: volcanic activity in the Andes Mountains along the Chilean border; Copahue (2,997 m) last erupted in 2000; other historically active volcanoes include Llullaillaco, Maipo, Planchón-Peteroa, San José, Tromen, Tupungatito, and Viedma

Natural resources

fertile plains of the pampasleadzinctincopperiron oremanganesepetroleumuraniumarable land

Terrain

rich plains of the Pampas in northern half, flat to rolling plateau of Patagonia in south, rugged Andes along western border

Population & Growth

+0.30% Growth
45,418,098
Total inhabitants (2025 est.)
Male: 49.6% (22,535,980) Female: 50.4% (22,882,118)

Age Distribution

0-14 years
23.3%
~10,582,417
15-64 years
63.9%
~29,022,165
65 years
12.8%
~5,813,517
Note: 2024 est.

Demographic Longevity

Median Age
34.6 years
Male
32.1 yrs
Female
34.6 yrs
Life Expectancy
78.8 years
Male
75.8 yrs
Female
82 yrs

Vital Dynamics

Birth Rate
10.47
births per 1,000 people
Death Rate
7.94
deaths per 1,000 people
Net Migration
+0.06
migrants per 1,000 people
Fertility Rate
1.43
children born per woman

Detailed People & Society Information

Alcohol consumption per capita

7.95 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

2% (2018 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

49.7% (2020 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 49.9 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 30.3 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 19.6 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 5.1 (2025 est.)

Education expenditure

5.9%

5.9% of GDP (2023 est.) 14% national budget (2023 est.)

Ethnic groups

European and Mestizo
97.2%
Indigenous
2.4%
African descent
0.4%

Gross reproduction rate

0.69 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

9.7%

9.7% of GDP (2021) 15.2% of national budget (2022 est.)

Hospital bed density

3.3 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 7.4 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 9.9 deaths/1,000 live births female: 7.9 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Literacy

total population: 99.1% (2020 est.) male: 99.1% (2020 est.) female: 99.2% (2020 est.)

Major urban areas - population

15.490 million BUENOS AIRES (capital), 1.612 million Córdoba, 1.594 million Rosario, 1.226 million Mendoza, 1.027 million San Miguel de Tucumán, 914,000 La Plata (2023)

Maternal mortality ratio

33 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Nationality

noun: Argentine(s) adjective: Argentine

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

28.3% (2016)

Physician density

5.11 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Population distribution

one third of the population lives in Buenos Aires; pockets of agglomeration occur throughout the northern and central parts of the country; Patagonia to the south remains sparsely populated

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Total Displaced & Vulnerable Persons
9,283 individuals
Refugees
98.8%
9,175
9,175 (2024 est.)
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
0.8%
74
74 (2024 est.)
Stateless Persons
0.4%
34
34 (2024 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic
62.9%
Evangelical (Pentecostal
15.3%
other Evangelical
2.3%
Jehovah's Witness and Church of Jesus Christ
1.4%
other (includes Muslim
1.2%
none
18.9%
unspecified
0.3%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 19 years (2022 est.) male: 17 years (2022 est.) female: 21 years (2022 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.74 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

total: 21.9% (2025 est.) male: 26.9% (2025 est.) female: 17.1% (2025 est.)

Climate & Issues

Climate Profile

mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest

Key Environmental Issues
deforestation soil degradation (erosion, salinization) desertification air pollution water pollution

Land Cover

Coverage Distribution
Agri (42%)
Forest (17%)
Other (40%)
Arable: 14.8%
Crops: 0.4%
Pasture: 27.3%
Forest: 17.2%

Air & Carbon Emissions

Annual CO2 Output 2023 est.
198.141 million
Coal (3%) Oil (52%) Gas (45%)
PM2.5 Exposure 12 µg/m³
0 5 (WHO Limit) 15 25 35+
Methane Emissions
energy: 1,553.3 kt (2022-2024 est.)

Water Resources & Use

Renewable Water Resources 876.24 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Annual Water Withdrawal
municipal: 5.85 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Municipal (15%) Ind (11%) Agri (74%)

Detailed Environmental Information

International environmental agreements

Antarctic-Environmental ProtectionAntarctic-Marine Living ResourcesAntarctic SealsAntarctic TreatyBiodiversityClimate ChangeClimate Change-Kyoto ProtocolClimate Change-Paris AgreementComprehensive Nuclear Test BanDesertificationEndangered SpeciesEnvironmental ModificationHazardous WastesLaw of the SeaMarine Dumping-London ConventionNuclear Test BanOzone Layer ProtectionShip PollutionWetlandsWhaling

Urbanization

urban population: 92.5% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 17.911 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 9.6% (2022 est.)

Capital & State Profile

Capital City
Buenos Aires
-34.6° N, -58.3667° E
Timezone UTC-3
Government Type
presidential republic
Independence 1816-07-09
National Holiday 05-25

Executive Branch

Chief of State
President Javier Gerardo MILEI (since 10 December 2023)
Head of Government
President Javier Gerardo MILEI (since 10 December 2023)
Last Election 22 October 2023, with a runoff held 19 November 2023
Next Election October 2027
Cabinet Cabinet appointed by the president

Legislative Branch

bicameral
Legislature Name National Congress (Congreso de la naciĂłn)
Lower Chamber Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de Diputados)
Seats 257 (all directly elected)
Term 4 years
% Women 42.4%
Parties Composition
Union for the Homeland (UP) 48Freedom Advances (LLA) 28Together for Change (JxC/Juntos) 27Other 25
Upper Chamber Senate (Senado)
Seats 72 (all directly elected)
Term 6 years
% Women 45.8%
Parties Composition
Union for the Homeland (UP) 9Freedom Advances (LLA) 6Together for Change (JxC/Juntos) 2Front for the Renewal of Social Concord – Federal Innovation 2Federal Renewal 2For Santa Cruz 2Other 1

National Identity & Symbols

National Flag Description

three equal horizontal bands of sky blue (top), white, and sky blue; centered in the white band is a radiant yellow sun with a human face that is known as the Sun of May

Symbolic Meaning the colors represent the clear skies and snow of the Andes Mountains; the sun commemorates the first mass demonstration in favor of independence on 25 May 1810, when the sun broke through the clouds; the sun is designed to look like Inti, the Incan god of the sun
National Symbol Sun of May (a sun-with-face symbol)
National Colors sky blue, white
National Anthem Himno Nacional Argentino (Argentine National Anthem)

Detailed Government Information

Administrative divisions

23 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia) and 1 autonomous city*; Buenos Aires, Catamarca, Chaco, Chubut, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires*, Cordoba, Corrientes, Entre Rios, Formosa, Jujuy, La Pampa, La Rioja, Mendoza, Misiones, Neuquen, Rio Negro, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santa Cruz, Santa Fe, Santiago del Estero, Tierra del Fuego - Antartida e Islas del Atlántico Sur (Tierra del Fuego - Antarctica and the South Atlantic Islands), Tucuman note: the US does not recognize any claims to Antarctica

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: yes citizenship by descent only: yes dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 2 years

Constitution

history: several previous; latest effective 11 May 1853 amendment process: a declaration of proposed amendments requires two-thirds majority vote by both houses of the National Congress followed by approval by an ad hoc, multi-member constitutional convention

Country name

conventional long form: Argentine Republic conventional short form: Argentina local long form: República Argentina local short form: Argentina etymology: the name is derived from one of the Spanish words for "silver," but the origin is unclear; it may have described the land next to the Rio de la Plata ("Silver River"), a major river that forms the boundary between Argentina and Uruguay; another possible source is the Spanish explorers in the 16th century mistakenly believing that the silver ornaments they bought from inhabitants came from a local source of silver

International law organization participation

has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (consists of the court president, vice president, 2 judges, 1 vacancy) judge selection and term of office: judges nominated by the president and approved by the Senate; ministers can serve until mandatory retirement at age 75; extensions beyond 75 require renomination by the president and approval by the Senate subordinate courts: federal-level appellate, district, and territorial courts; provincial-level supreme, appellate, and first-instance courts

Legal system

civil law system based on Western European legal systems note: in 2015, Argentina adopted a new civil code, replacing the old one in force since 1871

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 12 (7 cultural, 5 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Los Glaciares National Park (n); Jesuit Missions of the Guaranis (c); Iguazú National Park (n); Cueva de las Manos (c); Valdés Península (n); Ischigualasto/Talampaya National Parks (n); Jesuit Block and Estancias of Córdoba (c); Quebrada de Humahuaca (c); Qhapaq Ñan/Andean Road System (c)

Political parties

Avanza Libertad or AL Civic Coalition ARI or CC-ARI Consenso Federal (Federal Consensus) or CF Frente Cívico por Santiago (Civic Front for Santiago) Frente de Izquierda y de los Trabajadores – Unidad (Workers' Left Front) or FIT-U (coalition of leftist parties in lower house; includes PTS, PO, and MST) Frente de la Concordia Misionero (Front for the Renewal of Social Concord) or FRCS Frente Renovador (Renewal Front) or FR Generación por un Encuentro Nacional (Generation for a National Encounter) or GEN Hacemos por Córdoba (We do for Cordoba) or HC Hacemos por Nuestro Pais (We Do For Our Country) or NHP Juntos por el Cambio (Together for Change) or JxC (includes CC-ARI, PRO, and UCR); note - primary opposition coalition since 2019 Juntos Somos Río Negro (Together We Are Rio Negro) or JSRN Partido Justicialista (Justicialist Party) or PJ La Cámpora La Libertad Avanza (The Liberty Advances) or LLA Movimiento Popular Neuquino (Neuquén People's Movement) or MPN Movimiento Socialista de los Trabajadores (Workers' Socialist Movement) or MST Partido de los Trabajadores Socialistas (Socialist Workers' Party) or PTS Partido Demócrata (Democratic Party) or PDN Partido Libertario (Libertarian Party) or PL; note - party is also a founding member of the coalition La Libertad Avanza Partido Obrero (Workers' Party) or PO Partido Socialista or PS Propuesta Republicana (Republican Proposal) or PRO Unidad Federal (coalition of provencial parties in the lower house; includes FRCS and JSRN) Unión Cívica Radical (Radical Civic Union) or UCR Unión por la Patria (Union for the Homeland) or UP (formerly Frente de Todos (Everyone's Front) or FdT) (includes FR, La Cámpora, and PJ); note - ruling coalition since 2019; includes several national and provincial Peronist political parties Vamos con Vos (Let's Go with You) or VcV

Suffrage

18-70 years of age; universal and compulsory; 16-17 years of age: optional for national elections

Economic Overview

large diversified economy; financial risks from debt obligations, rapid inflation, and reduced investor appetites; resource-rich, export-led growth model; increasing trade relations with China; G20 and OAS leader; tendency to nationalize businesses and under-report inflation

Size & Performance

Real GDP (PPP)
$1.213 trillion
Latest available estimate (2024)
2023: $1.234 trillion2022: $1.255 trillion
Real GDP Growth
-1.7% (2024 est.)
-1.7%
GDP Per Capita (PPP)
$26,500
2023: $27,1002022: $27,600

GDP Sector Breakdown

Agriculture: 6.0%Industry: 24.0%Services: 53.4%
Origin GDP %
Agriculture 6.0%
Industry 24.0%
Services 53.4%

Trade Balance

Trade Position
Trade Surplus
$16.90 billion
Total Exports
$96.899 billion (2024 est.)
Total Imports
$79.999 billion (2024 est.)
Exports (55%) Imports (45%)

Budget Balance

Budget Position
Budget Deficit
-$23.35 billion
Revenues
$115.69 billion (2023 est.)
Expenditures
$139.037 billion (2023 est.)
Revenues (45%) Expenditures (55%)

Export Profile

Top Export Partners

18.0%
9.0%
8.0%
8.0%
4.0%
Note: 2023; top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Major Export Commodities

soybean mealcorntruckssoybean oilcrude petroleum

Import Profile

Top Import Partners

23.0%
20.0%
12.0%
Note: 2023; top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Major Import Commodities

soybeansvehicle parts/accessoriesrefined petroleumnatural gascars

Labor & Employment

Total Labor Force 22.286 million (2024 est.)
General Unemployment Rate 7.9%
Youth Unemployment (Ages 15-24) 21.2%
Population Below Poverty Line 41.7% (2023 est.)

Income Inequality

Gini Coefficient (Family Income) 42.4
0 (Perfect Equality) High Inequality 100 (Perfect Inequality)

Family Income / Consumption Share

Lowest 10%: 1.9% (2023 est.) Highest 10%: 31% (2023 est.)
Inequality Gap: Top 10% holds 16.3x the share of the bottom 10%.

Detailed Economic Data

Agricultural products

maizesoybeanssugarcanewheatmilksunflower seedsbarleybeefpotatoeschicken

Current account balance

$6.285 billion (2024 est.) -$20.956 billion (2023 est.) -$4.055 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Debt - external

$74.362 billion (2023 est.) note: present value of external debt in current US dollars

Exchange rates

Argentine pesos (ARS) per US dollar - Exchange rates: 914.695 (2024 est.) 296.258 (2023 est.) 130.617 (2022 est.) 94.991 (2021 est.) 70.539 (2020 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use

Industrial production growth rate

-7.2% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

food processingmotor vehiclesconsumer durablestextileschemicals and petrochemicalsprintingmetallurgysteel

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

73.1% (2022 est.) 47.1% (2021 est.) 40.5% (2020 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Remittances

0.2% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.2% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.2% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$29.56 billion (2024 est.) $23.081 billion (2023 est.) $44.795 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Taxes and other revenues

10% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Grid Infrastructure

Electricity Access 100%
Capacity 47.631 million kW (2023 est.)
Consumption 114.667 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Exports 31 million kWh (2023 est.)
Imports 11.393 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Grid Losses: 27.027 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Generation Mix

Percentage Share of Production
fossil fuels 61.5%
hydroelectricity 16.5%
wind 11%
nuclear 6.9%
solar 2.5%
biomass and waste 1.7%

Fossil Fuels Production

Petroleum
Production 807,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Consumption 749,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Proven Reserves 2.483 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Natural Gas
Production 43.69 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Consumption 46.028 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Exports 2.344 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Imports 5.225 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Proven Reserves 396.464 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Coal
Production 869,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Consumption 2.534 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Exports 300 metric tons (2023 est.)
Imports 1.936 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Proven Reserves 799.999 million metric tons (2023 est.)

Intensity & Nuclear

Energy Consumption Per Capita 78.496 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Nuclear Power Profile
Operational Reactors 1.64GW (2025 est.)
Total Power Share 6.3% (2023 est.)

Digital Access

.ar
Internet Usage 89%

Active internet users as a percentage of the total population.

Fixed Broadband

Penetration Rate 25 / 100
Total Subscriptions 11.5 million (2023 est.)

Mobile Cellular

Penetration Rate 140 / 100
Total Subscriptions 64.1 million (2024 est.)

Broadcast Media

one of South America's biggest media markets; dozens of TV networks, hundreds of radio stations, and more than 150 daily newspapers (2023)

Aviation

LV
Airports
764
As of 2025
Heliports
148
As of 2025

Railways

Total Track Length
17,866 km
National Network Data from 2018

Ports & Harbors

Ports Count 37
Hover for breakdown & key ports As of 2024

Merchant Marine

Commercial Fleet
201 ships
Hover for vessel types breakdown As of 2023

Military Expenditures

GDP Allocation 0.6%
0.6% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.5% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.6% of GDP (2022 est.) 0.8% of GDP (2021 est.) 0.8% of GDP (2020 est.)

Active Duty Strengths

approximately 75,000 active-duty Armed Forces (45,000 Army; 15,000 Navy, including about 3,500 marines; 15,000 Air Force) (2025)

Refers to active military personnel.

Service & Defense Details

Military and security forces

Armed Forces of the Argentine Republic (Fuerzas Armadas de la República Argentina): Argentine Army (Ejercito Argentino, EA), Navy of the Argentine Republic (Armada Republica, ARA; includes naval aviation and naval infantry), Argentine Air Force (Fuerza Aerea Argentina, FAA) Ministry of Security: Gendarmería Nacional Argentina (National Gendarmerie), Coast Guard (Prefectura Naval) (2025) note: all federal police forces are under the Ministry of Security

Military deployments

230 Cyprus (UNFICYP) (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the inventory of Argentina's armed forces is a mix of domestically produced and imported weapons, largely from Europe and the US; in recent years, France and the US have been the leading suppliers of equipment; Argentina has an indigenous defense industry that produces air, land, and naval systems (2025)

Military - note

the Argentine military’s primary responsibilities are territorial defense and protecting the country’s sovereignty; duties also include border security, countering narcotics trafficking, and other internal missions, such as disaster response and infrastructure development; it conducts support operations and has bases in Antarctica to promote an active presence in areas of national territory that are sparsely populated; the military also participates in both bilateral and multinational training exercises and supports UN peacekeeping operations Argentina participates in the Tripartite Command, an interagency security mechanism created by Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay to exchange information and combat transnational threats, such as crime and terrorism, in the Tri-Border Area; in addition, Argentina and Chile have a joint peacekeeping force known as the Combined Southern Cross Peacekeeping Force, designed to be made available to the UN; Argentina has Major Non-NATO Ally (MNNA) status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation the Army and Navy were both created in 1810 during the Argentine War of Independence, while the Air Force was established in 1945; the military conducted coups d'état in 1930, 1943, 1955, 1962, 1966, and 1976; the 1976 coup, aka the "National Reorganization Process," marked the beginning of the so-called "Dirty War," a period of state-sponsored terrorism that saw the deaths or disappearances of thousands of Argentinians; the defeat in the 1982 Falklands War led to the downfall of the military junta (2025)

Military service age and obligation

18-24 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription suspended in 1995; citizens can still be drafted in times of crisis, national emergency, or war, or if the Defense Ministry is unable to fill all vacancies to keep the military functional (2025) note 1: as of 2024, women comprised nearly 20% of the active-duty military note 2: in 2025, the Argentine Government announced the creation of a Voluntary Military Service program for people aged 18–28 to be managed by the Ministries of Defense and Human Capital; the program's goals include to instill values like discipline and patriotism while offering training in trades such as cooking, mechanics, and security, alongside opportunities to complete compulsory education

Space Agency

Argentina National Space Activities Commission (Comision Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, CONAE; formed in 1991) (2025) note: CONAE’s predecessor was the National Commission for Space Research (Comisión Nacional de Investigaciones Espaciales, CNIE; formed in 1960)

Program Overview

has a national space program and a history in the development of space-related capabilities, including rockets and satellites; develops, builds, and operates communications, remote sensing (RS), and scientific satellites, often in partnership with other countries; developing additional satellites with more advanced payloads; contracts with commercial and other government space agencies for launches, but has a domestic rocket program and is developing space launch vehicle (SLV) capabilities; cooperates with a broad range of space agencies and industries, including those of Brazil, China, the European Space Agency and its member states (particularly France, Italy), and the US; also has a commercial space industry (2025)

Program Milestones

1961-1967 launched first rocket (Alfa Centauro) and was first country in Latin America to send an animal into space
1997 first domestically built communications satellite (Nahuel-1A) launched on European satellite launch vehicle (SLV)
2007 launch of first sub-orbital test rocket for domestic SLV (Tronador) project
2018 first domestically built, synthetic-aperture-radar remote sensing satellite (SAOCOM 1A) launched by US
2020-2021 worked with Mexico to create the Latin American and Caribbean Space Agency (ALCE)
2023 signed US-led Artemis Accords outlining best practices for space exploration
2025 continued development of two-stage Tronador SLV