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Lithuania

Europe Countries
Lithuania - Panoramic Places of Interest Atlas including Vilnius Historic Centre, Kernavė Archaeological Site, Trakai Island Castle, Curonian Spit (Kuršių Nerija), Kaunas Modernist Architecture, Hill of Crosses, Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania, Ninth Fort, Gediminas' Tower, Pažaislis Monastery, Lithuanian Open-Air Folk Museum, Palanga Amber Museum, Cold War Museum (Plokštinė), Grūtas Park, Aukštaitija National Park, Dzūkija National Park

Top Sights & Landmarks

01

Vilnius Historic Centre

Heart of the Grand Duchy

02

Kernavė Archaeological Site

The Troy of Lithuania

03

Trakai Island Castle

Gothic Fortress on the Lake

04

Curonian Spit (Kuršių Nerija)

The Baltic Sahara

05

Kaunas Modernist Architecture

Interwar Art Deco Capital

06

Hill of Crosses

Monument of Defiance and Faith

07

Palace of the Grand Dukes of Lithuania

Resurrected Royal Residence

08

Ninth Fort

Memorial of Tragic History

09

Gediminas' Tower

The Symbol of Vilnius

10

Pažaislis Monastery

Masterpiece of Baroque

11

Lithuanian Open-Air Folk Museum

Rural Lithuania Preserved

12

Palanga Amber Museum

Palace of Baltic Gold

13

Cold War Museum (Plokštinė)

Underground Nuclear Base

14

Grūtas Park

Relics of Soviet Propaganda

15

Aukštaitija National Park

Land of Ancient Lakes

16

Dzūkija National Park

Forests of Foragers

The Baltic Soul: Where Ancient Forests Meet Modern Resilience

To walk through Lithuania is to tread upon a landscape where the boundary between myth and history is as thin as the morning mist rising off the Curonian Spit. Tucked away on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea, this nation is often defined by what it has survived rather than merely what it possesses. It is a land of profound silence, found in the depth of its sprawling pine forests and the soft, peat-filtered waters of its thousands of lakes. Lithuania does not shout its presence. Instead, it invites the curious traveler to peel back the layers of its Baltic identity, a culture deeply rooted in the worship of nature, the endurance of its ancestral language, and a restless spirit of independence that has defined its existence for a millennium.

For the student of geography and the lover of cultural heritage alike, Lithuania offers a study in quiet transformation. It is the southernmost of the three Baltic states, yet it functions as a northern heart, beating with a pulse that resonates from the Teutonic era through the grand aspirations of the Grand Duchy, all the way to its status as a vibrant modern democracy. This is a country that understands the value of memory. Whether you wish to explore the comprehensive history of Lithuania, with its curated chronicles of grand dukes and spiritual resistance, you will find a narrative that centers on the resilience of a people who never lost their connection to the land.

The Echoes of Time: A Chronicle of Spirit

Lithuanian identity is inextricably linked to its unique linguistic legacy. As one of the oldest Indo-European languages still in existence, the Lithuanian tongue acts as a living bridge to the ancient past, preserving linguistic patterns that have vanished from the rest of the continent. This preservation is not a passive act. It is a testament to the nation’s survival. If you are intrigued by the rhythmic patterns of historical events that led to this linguistic perseverance, you might challenge yourself with the interactive history puzzle to arrange these defining moments in the correct chronological order and earn your place among our scholars.

Beyond the spoken word, the history of this land is best viewed as a grand tapestry of shifting borders and unwavering ideals. From the legendary rise of Mindaugas, the only crowned king of Lithuania, to the medieval expansion that once made the Grand Duchy the largest state in Europe, the story is both vast and personal. We encourage you to engage with the visual archives of this narrative through our history cinematic showcase, where illustrations of turning points come to life, allowing the viewer to grasp the gravity of the events that sculpted the modern borders of the state.

A Landscape of Living Myths

Geographically, Lithuania is a masterpiece of glacial artistry. The terrain is largely characterized by lowlands, characterized by rolling morainic hills that gently break the horizon. The Baltic Sea defines the western boundary, home to the Curonian Spit, a UNESCO World Heritage site that stands as a delicate finger of sand reaching into the sea, holding back the shifting dunes with the grip of pine roots. It is a place of profound melancholy and beauty, where the Baltic winds carry stories from eras long forgotten.

In the east, the Aukštaitija National Park guards the nation's "thousand lakes," a labyrinth of interconnected waterways that served as ancient trade routes for merchants, knights, and farmers. The environment here is more than just a resource; it is a sacred element of the national identity. Lithuanians possess a deep, near-religious affinity for the forest, viewing the wooded lands as both a provider and a sanctuary. This bond with nature informs the architecture, the folk arts, and the very way citizens relate to their geography.

Curating the Experience: The Beauty of the Built Environment

The urban centers of Lithuania are just as enchanting as its natural wilderness. Vilnius, the capital, is a city where Baroque architecture dances with modern urban flair, featuring a labyrinth of cobblestone streets in its Old Town that feel untouched by the frantic pace of the twenty-first century. Meanwhile, the coastal city of Klaipėda retains the stoic, timber-framed character of a Hanseatic port town. Every street corner, monument, and cathedral offers a glimpse into a layered history, inviting travelers to uncover the secrets held within these walls.

To prepare for a journey through these towns or to appreciate the aesthetic achievements of the nation from afar, we invite you to view our POI cinematic showcase. This visual journey traverses the medieval fortresses, the modernist art hubs, and the silent, serene beaches that constitute the very soul of Lithuania’s tourist landscape. Whether you are looking for the architectural symmetry of the Vilnius Cathedral or the natural isolation of the Nemunas Delta, these vistas serve as an essential introduction to the geography of wonder.

Building a Future on Baltic Foundations

As you delve deeper into the resources provided here on GeoGnos, remember that Lithuania is a nation in the midst of a productive and peaceful evolution. The demographic story of the country is one of a modern workforce meeting ancient heritage, where technology companies thrive alongside traditional linen weavers and amber carvers. It is a nation of artists and engineers, dreamers and diplomats.

By exploring the sections regarding the country's government, economy, and educational system, students and professors will find a robust framework that supports high levels of innovation and civic engagement. The energy sectors are currently transitioning toward greener horizons, reflecting the same protective love for the land that historically led to the conservation of the national parks. We hope that this introductory portrait inspires you to look closer at this northern jewel. Lithuania waits, not with the fanfare of a tourist trap, but with the quiet, steady welcome of an ancient home, eager to share its stories with those willing to listen.

Location

Latitude
56° N
Longitude
24° E
N S W E
World Map Location
Geographic Location

Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia, west of Belarus

Map Reference
Europe

Area

Total Area
65,300 sq km
Land (96%)
Land: 62,680 sq km
Water: 2,620 sq km

Elevation

Highest Point
Aukstojas
Aukstojas 294 m
Lowest Point
Baltic Sea
Baltic Sea 0 m
Mean Elevation
110 m

Detailed Geography Information

Coastline

90 km

Geography - note

fertile central plains are separated by hilly uplands that are ancient glacial deposits

Irrigated land

61 sq km (2020)

Land boundaries

Total boundary: 1,545 km
Belarus 640 km
Latvia 544 km
Poland 100 km

Major lakes (area sq km)

salt water lake(s): Curonian Lagoon (shared with Russia) - 1,620 sq km

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm

Natural hazards

occasional floods, droughts

Natural resources

peatarable landamber

Terrain

lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil

Population & Growth

-0.70% Growth
2,815,687
Total inhabitants (2025 est.)
Male: 47.4% (1,334,600) Female: 52.6% (1,481,087)

Age Distribution

0-14 years
15.2%
~427,984
15-64 years
62.6%
~1,762,620
65 years
22.2%
~625,083
Note: 2024 est.

Demographic Longevity

Median Age
44 years
Male
40.9 yrs
Female
49.2 yrs
Life Expectancy
76.1 years
Male
70.8 yrs
Female
81.7 yrs

Vital Dynamics

Birth Rate
7.01
births per 1,000 people
Death Rate
14.1
deaths per 1,000 people
Net Migration
0
migrants per 1,000 people
Fertility Rate
1.22
children born per woman

Detailed People & Society Information

Alcohol consumption per capita

11.93 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

1.1% (2021 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

51.8% (2024 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 56.5 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 23.3 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 33.3 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 3 (2025 est.)

Education expenditure

4.3%

4.3% of GDP (2022 est.) 11.8% national budget (2022 est.)

Ethnic groups

Lithuanian
84.6%
Polish
6.5%
Russian
5%
Belarusian
1%
other
1.1%
unspecified
1.8%

Gross reproduction rate

0.6 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

7.5%

7.5% of GDP (2022) 13% of national budget (2022 est.)

Hospital bed density

6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 3.1 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

Lithuanian
85.3%
Russian
6.8%
Polish
5.1%
other
1.1%
two mother tongues
1.7%

Major urban areas - population

541,000 VILNIUS (capital) (2023)

Maternal mortality ratio

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

28.2 years (2020 est.)

Nationality

noun: Lithuanian(s) adjective: Lithuanian

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

26.3% (2016)

Physician density

6.1 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Population distribution

fairly even population distribution throughout the country, but somewhat greater concentrations in the southern cities of Vilnius and Kaunas, as well as the western port of Klaipeda

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Total Displaced & Vulnerable Persons
56,095 individuals
Refugees
96.0%
53,859
53,859 (2024 est.)
Stateless Persons
4.0%
2,236
2,236 (2024 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic
74.2%
Russian Orthodox
3.7%
Old Believer
0.6%
Evangelical Lutheran
0.6%
Evangelical Reformist
0.2%
and Karaite
0.9%
none
6.1%
unspecified
13.7%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 17 years (2022 est.) male: 16 years (2022 est.) female: 17 years (2022 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.53 male(s)/female total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

total: 26.6% (2025 est.) male: 38% (2025 est.) female: 16.7% (2025 est.)

Climate & Issues

Climate Profile

transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers

Key Environmental Issues
water pollution air pollution deforestation groundwater pollution from chemicals and waste soil degradation and erosion

Land Cover

Coverage Distribution
Agri (46%)
Forest (35%)
Other (19%)
Arable: 36.8%
Crops: 0.5%
Pasture: 8.6%
Forest: 35.3%

Air & Carbon Emissions

Annual CO2 Output 2023 est.
12.877 million
Coal (100%) Oil (0%) Gas (0%)
PM2.5 Exposure 11.5 µg/m³
0 5 (WHO Limit) 15 25 35+

Water Resources & Use

Renewable Water Resources 24.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Annual Water Withdrawal
municipal: 136.78 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Municipal (48%) Ind (31%) Agri (21%)

Detailed Environmental Information

International environmental agreements

Air PollutionAir Pollution-Heavy MetalsAir Pollution-Multi-effect ProtocolAir Pollution-Nitrogen OxidesAir Pollution-Persistent Organic PollutantsAir Pollution-Sulphur 85Air Pollution-Sulphur 94Air Pollution-Volatile Organic CompoundsBiodiversityClimate ChangeClimate Change-Kyoto ProtocolClimate Change-Paris AgreementComprehensive Nuclear Test BanDesertificationEndangered SpeciesEnvironmental ModificationHazardous WastesLaw of the SeaOzone Layer ProtectionShip PollutionTropical Timber 2006WetlandsWhaling

Urbanization

urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: -0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.315 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 34.9% (2022 est.)

Capital & State Profile

Capital City
Vilnius
54.6833° N, 25.3167° E
Timezone UTC+2
Daylight Saving +1hr
Government Type
semi-presidential republic
Independence 1918-02-16
National Holiday 02-16

Executive Branch

Chief of State
President Gitanas NAUSEDA (since 12 July 2019)
Head of Government
Prime Minister Inga RUGINIENE (since 25 September 2025)
Last Election 26 May 2024
Next Election 2029
Cabinet Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by Parliament

Legislative Branch

unicameral
Legislature Name Parliament (Seimas)
Seats & Term
141 (all directly elected) seats / 4 years
Women in Chamber
28.4% Representation
Electoral System mixed system
Parties Composition
Lithuanian Social Democratic Party (LSDP) 52Homeland Union - Lithuanian Christian Democrats (TS-LKD) 28Political Party "The Dawn of Nemunas" (PPNA) 20Union of Democrats “For Lithuania” (DSVL) 14Liberals Movement of the Republic of Lithuania (LS) 12Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union (LVŽS) 8Other 7

National Identity & Symbols

National Flag Description

three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red

Symbolic Meaning yellow stands for golden fields, the sun, light, and goodness; green for the forests, nature, freedom, and hope; red for courage and the blood spilled in defense of the homeland
National Symbol mounted knight known as Vytis (the Chaser), white stork
National Colors yellow, green, red
National Anthem Tautiska giesme (The National Song)

Detailed Government Information

Administrative divisions

60 municipalities (savivaldybe, singular - savivaldybe); Akmene, Alytaus Miestas, Alytus, Anksciai, Birstonas, Birzai, Druskininkai, Elektrenai, Ignalina, Jonava, Joniskis, Jurbarkas, Kaisiadorys, Kalvarija, Kauno Miestas, Kaunas, Kazlu Rudos, Kedainiai, Kelme, Klaipedos Miestas, Klaipeda, Kretinga, Kupiskis, Lazdijai, Marijampole, Mazeikiai, Moletai, Neringa, Pagegiai, Pakruojis, Palangos Miestas, Panevezio Miestas, Panevezys, Pasvalys, Plunge, Prienai, Radviliskis, Raseiniai, Rietavas, Rokiskis, Sakiai, Salcininkai, Siauliu Miestas, Siauliai, Silale, Silute, Sirvintos, Skuodas, Svencionys, Taurage, Telsiai, Trakai, Ukmerge, Utena, Varena, Vilkaviskis, Vilniaus Miestas, Vilnius, Visaginas, Zarasai

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Lithuania dual citizenship recognized: no residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Constitution

history: several previous; latest adopted by referendum 25 October 1992, entered into force 2 November 1992 amendment process: proposed by at least one fourth of all Parliament members or by petition of at least 300,000 voters; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in each of two readings three months apart and a presidential signature; amendments to constitutional articles on national sovereignty and constitutional amendment procedure also require three-fourths voter approval in a referendum

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Lithuania conventional short form: Lithuania local long form: Lietuvos Respublika local short form: Lietuva former: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (while occupied by the USSR) etymology: meaning of the name is obscure; may be derived from the local words lietava, meaning "small river," or lietus, meaning "rain" or "land of rain," or the Latin word litus, meaning "shore"

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 37 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges) judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Seimas; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Seimas from nominations - 3 each by the president of the republic, the Seimas speaker, and the Supreme Court president; judges serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms; one third of membership reconstituted every 3 years subordinate courts: Court of Appeals; district and local courts

Legal system

civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the Constitutional Court

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 5 (all cultural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Vilnius Historic Center; Curonian Spit; Kernavė Archaeological Site; Struve Geodetic Arc; Modernist Kaunas: Architecture of Optimism, 1919-1939

Political parties

Center-Right Union or CDS Dawn of Nemunas or PPNA Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania - Christian Families Alliance or LLRA–KŠS Homeland Union or TS-LKD Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union or LVŽS Liberals' Movement or LRLS National Alliance or NS Social Democratic Party of Lithuania or LSDP Union of Democrats for Lithuania or DSVL

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Economic Overview

high-income EU and eurozone member, largest Baltic economy; recovery supported by private consumption and EU fund-driven investments; structural challenges include pension reform, aging workforce, and high energy-import costs

Size & Performance

Real GDP (PPP)
$136.227 billion
Latest available estimate (2024)
2023: $132.552 billion2022: $132.099 billion
Real GDP Growth
2.8% (2024 est.)
+2.8%
GDP Per Capita (PPP)
$47,200
2023: $46,2002022: $46,700

GDP Sector Breakdown

Agriculture: 2.6%Industry: 23.4%Services: 63.6%
Origin GDP %
Agriculture 2.6%
Industry 23.4%
Services 63.6%

Trade Balance

Trade Position
Trade Surplus
$4.41 billion
Total Exports
$62.896 billion (2024 est.)
Total Imports
$58.491 billion (2024 est.)
Exports (52%) Imports (48%)

Budget Balance

Budget Position
Budget Deficit
-$669.00 million
Revenues
$28.011 billion (2023 est.)
Expenditures
$28.68 billion (2023 est.)
Revenues (49%) Expenditures (51%)

Export Profile

Top Export Partners

Note: 2023; top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Major Export Commodities

refined petroleumfurnitureplastic productswheatcars

Import Profile

Top Import Partners

13.0%
7.0%
Note: 2023; top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Major Import Commodities

crude petroleumcarsnatural gaspackaged medicineplastic products

Labor & Employment

Total Labor Force 1.548 million (2024 est.)
General Unemployment Rate 7.6%
Youth Unemployment (Ages 15-24) 14.1%
Population Below Poverty Line 20.9% (2021 est.)

Income Inequality

Gini Coefficient (Family Income) 36.6
0 (Perfect Equality) Moderate Inequality 100 (Perfect Inequality)

Family Income / Consumption Share

Lowest 10%: 2.5% (2022 est.) Highest 10%: 28.7% (2022 est.)
Inequality Gap: Top 10% holds 11.5x the share of the bottom 10%.

Detailed Economic Data

Agricultural products

wheatmilksugar beetsrapeseedbarleypotatoestriticaleoatsbeanspeas

Current account balance

$2.101 billion (2024 est.) $878.388 million (2023 est.) -$4.322 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exchange rates

euros (EUR) per US dollar - Exchange rates: 0.924 (2024 est.) 0.925 (2023 est.) 0.95 (2022 est.) 0.845 (2021 est.) 0.876 (2020 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use

Industrial production growth rate

3.2% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

metal-cutting machine toolselectric motorstelevisionsrefrigerators and freezerspetroleum refiningshipbuilding (small ships)furnituretextilesfood processingfertilizeragricultural machineryoptical equipmentlaserselectronic componentscomputersamber jewelryinformation technologyvideo game developmentapp/software developmentbiotechnology

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

0.7% (2024 est.) 9.1% (2023 est.) 19.7% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Public debt

36.9% of GDP (2023 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Remittances

1.2% of GDP (2024 est.) 1.2% of GDP (2023 est.) 1% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$7.406 billion (2024 est.) $6.168 billion (2023 est.) $5.365 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Taxes and other revenues

21.4% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Grid Infrastructure

Electricity Access 100%
Capacity 5.426 million kW (2023 est.)
Consumption 10.992 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Exports 3.98 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Imports 10.91 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Grid Losses: 829.9 million kWh (2023 est.)

Generation Mix

Percentage Share of Production
wind 51%
fossil fuels 16.3%
solar 14.1%
biomass and waste 13.8%
hydroelectricity 4.8%

Fossil Fuels Production

Petroleum
Production 4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Consumption 67,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Proven Reserves 12 million barrels (2021 est.)
Natural Gas
Consumption 1.49 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Exports 1.867 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Imports 3.282 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Coal
Consumption 166,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Exports 78,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Imports 149,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Intensity & Nuclear

Energy Consumption Per Capita 83.7 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Nuclear Power Profile
Operational Reactors 2
Shut Down Reactors 2 (2025)

Digital Access

.lt
Internet Usage 89%

Active internet users as a percentage of the total population.

Fixed Broadband

Penetration Rate 28 / 100
Total Subscriptions 806,000 (2023 est.)

Mobile Cellular

Penetration Rate 139 / 100
Total Subscriptions 3.97 million (2024 est.)

Broadcast Media

public broadcaster operates 3 channels, with the third channel (satellite) introduced in 2007; various privately owned commercial TV broadcasters operate national and multiple regional channels; many privately owned local TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services available; publicly owned broadcaster operates 3 radio networks; many privately owned commercial broadcasters, with repeater stations in various regions

Aviation

LY
Airports
64
As of 2025
Heliports
2
As of 2025

Railways

Total Track Length
1,911 km
National Network Data from 2020

Ports & Harbors

Ports Count 2
Hover for breakdown & key ports As of 2024

Merchant Marine

Commercial Fleet
59 ships
Hover for vessel types breakdown As of 2023

Military Expenditures

GDP Allocation 4%
4% of GDP (2025 est.) 3.1% of GDP (2024 est.) 2.7% of GDP (2023 est.) 2.4% of GDP (2022 est.) 2% of GDP (2021 est.)

Active Duty Strengths

approximately 20,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)

Refers to active military personnel.

Service & Defense Details

Military and security forces

Lithuanian Armed Forces (Lietuvos Ginkluotosios Pajegos): Lithuanian Land Forces (LLF), Lithuanian Navy, Lithuanian Air Force (LTAF), Lithuanian Special Operations Forces (LITHSOF); National Defense Volunteer Forces (2025) note 1: the National Rifleman's Union is a civilian paramilitary organization supported by the Lithuanian Government, which cooperates with the military but is not part of it; however, in a state of war, its armed formations would fall under the Armed Forces note 2: the Lithuanian Police and State Border Guard Service are under the Ministry of Interior; in wartime, the State Border Guard Service becomes part of the armed forces

Military deployments

note: contributes about 350-550 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the military's inventory is a mix of mostly European and US armaments (2025)

Military - note

the Lithuanian Armed Forces are responsible for the defense of the country’s interests, sovereignty, and territory, fulfilling Lithuania’s commitments to NATO and European security, and contributing to UN international peacekeeping efforts; Russia is Lithuania’s primary security focus, which has only increased since the Russian seizure of Crimea in 2014 and subsequent full-scale attack on Ukraine in 2022; Lithuania has been a member of NATO since 2004 and is reliant on the Alliance as the country’s security guarantor; it is actively engaged in both NATO and EU security, as well as bilaterally with allies such as the other Baltic States, Germany, Poland, the UK, Ukraine, and the US; the Lithuanian military has participated in NATO and EU missions abroad and regularly conducts training and exercises with NATO and EU partner forces; it hosts NATO forces, is a member of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, and contributes troops to a multinational brigade with Poland and Ukraine; Lithuania participated in its first UN peacekeeping mission in 1994 since 2017, Lithuania has hosted a German-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; NATO has also provided air protection for Lithuania since 2004 through its Baltic Air Policing mission; NATO fighter aircraft are hosted at Lithuania’s Šiauliai Air Base (2025)

Military service age and obligation

19-26 years of age for conscripted military service for men; 9-month service obligation; 18-38 for voluntary service for men and women; 18-60 for the National Defense Volunteer Services (2025) note 1: in 2015, Lithuania reinstated conscription after having converted to a professional military in 2008; it conscripts up to 4,000 men each year; conscripts are selected using an automated lottery system note 2: as of 2020, women comprised about 12% of the military's full-time personnel