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Switzerland

Europe • Countries
Switzerland - Panoramic Places of Interest Atlas including Abbey Library of Saint Gall, Old City of Bern, Castles of Bellinzona, Château de Chillon, Kapellbrücke (Chapel Bridge), Palais des Nations, Swiss National Museum, La Chaux-de-Fonds / Le Locle, Lavaux, Vineyard Terraces, Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes, Lion Monument, Monte San Giorgio, Kunsthaus Zürich, CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch, The Matterhorn

Top Sights & Landmarks

01

Abbey Library of Saint Gall

Carolingian Monastic Masterpiece

02

Old City of Bern

Medieval Capital of Arcades

03

Castles of Bellinzona

Gateways to the Alps

04

Château de Chillon

Savoy Fortress on Lake Geneva

05

Kapellbrücke (Chapel Bridge)

Europe's Oldest Covered Bridge

06

Palais des Nations

The Heart of Global Diplomacy

07

Swiss National Museum

Chronicle of Swiss Cultural Heritage

08

La Chaux-de-Fonds / Le Locle

The Watchmaking Metropolises

09

Lavaux, Vineyard Terraces

A Millennium of Viticulture

10

Rhaetian Railway in the Albula / Bernina Landscapes

Alpine Engineering Triumph

11

Lion Monument

The Dying Lion of Lucerne

12

Monte San Giorgio

Triassic Marine Fossil Hub

13

Kunsthaus Zürich

Premier Swiss Fine Arts Gallery

14

CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research)

Birthplace of the Web & Particle Physics

15

Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch

Heart of the High Alps

16

The Matterhorn

The Mountain of Mountains

The Vertical Sanctuary: An Introduction to Switzerland

Switzerland is often viewed through the lens of romantic stereotypes. We think of snow-dusted alpine summits, the rhythmic chime of cowbells in lush green valleys, and the precision of a ticking watch. Yet, to understand Switzerland is to understand a deliberate architectural triumph of human spirit over an intimidating geological reality. It is a nation carved from the most formidable mountain range in Europe, yet it serves as the continent's serene, beating heart. Switzerland does not simply occupy space on a map; it defies the gravity of traditional borders by existing as a vertical sanctuary, a place where geography has necessitated a unique cultural peace.

To grasp the foundational pulse of this alpine bastion, one must first look toward the past. The Swiss experience is not one of monolithic conquest, but of organic coalition. To delve deeper into this evolution, you can explore the history of Switzerland to witness how a collection of independent mountain cantons forged an identity of neutrality and prosperity against the turbulent currents of European power shifts.

A Fortress of Culture and Cooperation

The soul of Switzerland is a polyglot paradox. In a world defined by the homogenization of borders, Switzerland remains a vibrant, four-language assembly where German, French, Italian, and Romansh coexist not merely as linguistic neighbors, but as intrinsic threads of a single national fabric. This is not a culture imposed from above, but a community formed from the bottom up, built on the principles of direct democracy and local autonomy.

The geographical isolation of the deep valleys, guarded by the ramparts of the Bernese Oberland and the Pennine Alps, allowed these local identities to mature without the erosive force of outside cultural imperialism. Educationally, the Swiss journey provides a remarkable case study in social stability. For those interested in mastering the timeline of how these mountain communities evolved into a modern global powerhouse, we invite you to challenge yourself with our interactive History Puzzle. By arranging key events in their proper chronological sequence, students can earn badges while mastering the milestones that transformed the Old Swiss Confederacy into the modern nation we admire today.

The Aesthetics of an Alpine Civilization

There is a visceral, almost cinematic beauty to the Swiss landscape that has drawn philosophers, writers, and dreamers for centuries. It is the land of the Rhone and the Rhine, of deep azure lakes held in basins of granite, and of glaciers that act as the frozen archives of the European climate. Witnessing this landscape is an exercise in scale, where the human element—the charming chalets, the winding funicular railways, and the ancient stone villages—is placed against the infinite backdrop of the eternal mountains.

To experience the sheer majesty of the Matterhorn, the serene banks of Lake Geneva, and the urban medieval charm of Bern, you should visit our POI Cinematic Showcase. This interactive gallery allows you to wander through the most breathtaking points of interest in the country, providing both teachers and travelers with a guided tour of the geographical wonders that define the Swiss frontier.

Switzerland as a Global Pivot Point

While the crags and peaks provide the frame, the interior of the Swiss narrative is built upon the concept of connectivity. Despite its rugged interior, Switzerland has historically been the primary conduit between northern and southern Europe. The great mountain passes, such as the Gotthard and the Simplon, have long functioned as the arteries of commerce and thought. Today, this tradition of bridging gaps continues. Switzerland is not a fortress built to exclude the world, but a vault of human progress—home to international organizations, humanitarian initiatives, and the frontiers of scientific discovery at facilities like CERN.

If you prefer a structured narrative approach to these complex events, our digital archives are curated to highlight the most evocative moments of this mountain nation. We encourage you to view our History Cinematic Showcase, which strings together artistic interpretations of pivotal events—from the legendary oath on the Rütli Meadow to the humanitarian triumphs of the modern era—set to informative narratives that explain exactly why these moments matter to our world today.

The Stewardship of the Earth

Living among the world’s most dramatic geography has instilled in the Swiss a profound respect for environmental stewardship. The nation operates with a clear understanding that their mountains are both a resource and a fragile inheritance. As the climate changes, the Swiss have become global leaders in sustainable transport and renewable hydroelectric power. Their villages cling to the hillsides with a surgical precision that respects the natural topography rather than dominating it.

For the student or traveler, Switzerland offers an unparalleled classroom. It is a place where you can stand upon a summit at ten thousand feet and realize that you are looking at a living map of human endurance and cooperation. Whether you are trekking the alpine trails, engaging with the complex layers of Swiss government, or simply observing the efficiency of its world-class rail network, the country invites you to slow down and appreciate the details. Switzerland is not merely a destination, but an ongoing argument for how society can achieve success through consensus, sustainability, and an enduring respect for the land that holds us all.

Location

Latitude
47° N
Longitude
8° E
N S W E
World Map Location
Geographic Location

Central Europe, east of France, north of Italy

Map Reference
Europe

Area

Total Area
41,277 sq km
Land (97%)
Land: 39,997 sq km
Water: 1,280 sq km

Elevation

Highest Point
Dufourspitze on Monte Rosa
Dufourspitze on Monte Rosa 4,634 m
Lowest Point
Lake Maggiore
Lake Maggiore 195 m
Mean Elevation
1,350 m

Detailed Geography Information

Coastline

0 km (landlocked)

Geography - note

landlocked; crossroads of northern and southern Europe; along with southeastern France, northern Italy, and southwestern Austria, has the highest elevations in the Alps

Irrigated land

494 sq km (2020)

Land boundaries

Total boundary: 1,770 km
Austria 158 km
France 525 km
Italy 698 km
Germany 348 km

Major lakes (area sq km)

fresh water lake(s): Lake Constance (shared with Germany and Austria) - 540 sq km; Lake Geneva (shared with France) - 580 sq km

Major rivers (by length in km)

Rhein (Rhine) river source (shared with Germany, France, and Netherlands [m]) - 1,233 km note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth

Major watersheds (area sq km)

Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km), (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km), (Adriatic Sea) Po (76,997 sq km), (Mediterranean Sea) Rhone (100,543 sq km)

Maritime claims

none (landlocked)

Natural hazards

avalanches, landslides; flash floods

Natural resources

hydropower potentialtimbersalt

Terrain

mostly mountains (Alps in south, Jura in northwest) with a central plateau of rolling hills, plains, and large lakes

Population & Growth

+0.70% Growth
8,925,741
Total inhabitants (2025 est.)
Male: 49.7% (4,436,858) Female: 50.3% (4,488,883)

Age Distribution

0-14 years
15.1%
~1,347,787
15-64 years
64.6%
~5,766,029
65 years
20.3%
~1,811,925
Note: 2024 est.

Demographic Longevity

Median Age
44.4 years
Male
43.5 yrs
Female
44.9 yrs
Life Expectancy
83.9 years
Male
82 yrs
Female
85.8 yrs

Vital Dynamics

Birth Rate
10.01
births per 1,000 people
Death Rate
8.61
deaths per 1,000 people
Net Migration
+5.79
migrants per 1,000 people
Fertility Rate
1.59
children born per woman

Detailed People & Society Information

Alcohol consumption per capita

9.41 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

57.5% (2022 est.)

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 55.8 (2025 est.) youth dependency ratio: 23.5 (2025 est.) elderly dependency ratio: 32.3 (2025 est.) potential support ratio: 3.1 (2025 est.)

Education expenditure

4.9%

4.9% of GDP (2022 est.) 15.4% national budget (2022 est.)

Ethnic groups

Swiss
69.2%
German
4.2%
Italian
3.2%
Portuguese
2.5%
French
2.1%
Kosovan
1.1%
Turkish
1%
other
16.7%

Gross reproduction rate

0.78 (2025 est.)

Health expenditure

11.8%

11.8% of GDP (2021) 12.4% of national budget (2022 est.)

Hospital bed density

4.4 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 3 deaths/1,000 live births (2025 est.) male: 3.4 deaths/1,000 live births female: 2.5 deaths/1,000 live births

Languages

German
62.1%
French
22.8%
Italian
8%
English
5.7%
Portuguese
3.5%
Albanian
3.3%
Serbo-Croatian
2.3%
Spanish
2.3%
Romansh
0.5%
other
7.9%

Major urban areas - population

1.432 million Zurich, 441,000 BERN (capital) (2023)

Maternal mortality ratio

5 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Mother's mean age at first birth

31.1 years (2020 est.)

Nationality

noun: Swiss (singular and plural) adjective: Swiss

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

19.5% (2016)

Physician density

4.48 physicians/1,000 population (2022)

Population distribution

population distribution corresponds to elevation, with the northern and western areas far more heavily populated; the higher Alps of the south limit settlement

Refugees and internally displaced persons

Total Displaced & Vulnerable Persons
214,541 individuals
Refugees
99.4%
213,177
213,177 (2024 est.)
Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs)
0.0%
97
97 (2024 est.)
Stateless Persons
0.6%
1,267
1,267 (2024 est.)

Religions

Roman Catholic
34.4%
Protestant
22.5%
other Christian
5.7%
Muslim
5.4%
other
1.5%
none
29.4%
unspecified
1.1%

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 17 years (2023 est.) male: 17 years (2023 est.) female: 17 years (2023 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Tobacco use

total: 22.8% (2025 est.) male: 25.5% (2025 est.) female: 20.1% (2025 est.)

Climate & Issues

Climate Profile

temperate, but varies with altitude; cold, cloudy, rainy/snowy winters; cool to warm, cloudy, humid summers with occasional showers

Key Environmental Issues
air pollution from vehicle emissions water pollution from agricultural fertilizers soil pollution from chemical contaminants soil erosion loss of biodiversity

Land Cover

Coverage Distribution
Agri (38%)
Forest (32%)
Other (33%)
Arable: 10.0%
Crops: 0.6%
Pasture: 27.1%
Forest: 32.0%

Air & Carbon Emissions

Annual CO2 Output 2023 est.
33.306 million
Coal (100%) Oil (0%) Gas (0%)
PM2.5 Exposure 9 µg/m³
0 5 (WHO Limit) 15 25 35+

Water Resources & Use

Renewable Water Resources 53.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Annual Water Withdrawal
municipal: 930 million cubic meters (2022)
Municipal (54%) Ind (37%) Agri (9%)

Detailed Environmental Information

International environmental agreements

Air PollutionAir Pollution-Heavy MetalsAir Pollution-Multi-effect ProtocolAir Pollution-Nitrogen OxidesAir Pollution-Persistent Organic PollutantsAir Pollution-Sulphur 85Air Pollution-Sulphur 94Air Pollution-Volatile Organic CompoundsAntarctic-Environmental ProtectionAntarctic TreatyBiodiversityClimate ChangeClimate Change-Kyoto ProtocolClimate Change-Paris AgreementComprehensive Nuclear Test BanDesertificationEndangered SpeciesEnvironmental ModificationHazardous WastesLaw of the SeaMarine Dumping-London ConventionMarine Dumping-London ProtocolMarine Life ConservationNuclear Test BanOzone Layer ProtectionShip PollutionTropical Timber 2006WetlandsWhaling

Urbanization

urban population: 74.2% of total population (2023) rate of urbanization: 0.79% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 6.08 million tons (2024 est.) percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 30.1% (2022 est.)

Capital & State Profile

Capital City
Bern
46.9167° N, 7.4667° E
Timezone UTC+1
Daylight Saving +1hr
Government Type
federal republic (formally a confederation)
Independence 1291-08-01
National Holiday 08-01

Executive Branch

Chief of State
President of the Swiss Confederation Guy PARMELIN (since 1 January 2026)
Head of Government
President of the Swiss Confederation Guy PARMELIN (since 1 January 2026)
Last Election 11 December 2024
Next Election December 2025
Cabinet Federal Council or Bundesrat (in German), Conseil Federal (in French), Consiglio Federale (in Italian) indirectly elected by the Federal Assembly for a 4-year term

Legislative Branch

bicameral
Legislature Name Federal Assembly (Bundesversammlung - Assemblée fédérale - Assemblea federale)
Lower Chamber National Council (Nationalrat - Conseil national - Consiglio nazionale)
Seats 200 (all directly elected)
Term 4 years
% Women 39.5%
Parties Composition
Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) 62Socialist Party (SP/PS) 41Centre Party 29FDP/The Liberals (FDP/PLR) 28Green Party (GPS/PES) 23Liberal Green Party (GLP/PVL) 10Other 7
Upper Chamber Council of States (Ständerat - Conseil des Etats - Consiglio degli Stati)
Seats 46 (all directly elected)
Term 4 years
% Women 33.3%
Parties Composition
Centre Party 15FDP/The Liberals (FDP/PLR) 11Socialist Party (SP/PS) 9Swiss People's Party (SVP/UDC) 6Green Party (GPS/PES) 3Other 2

National Identity & Symbols

National Flag Description

red square with an equal-armed white cross in the center that does not extend to the edges of the flag

Symbolic Meaning history: the origin of the flag is unclear, but a white cross was used to identify Swiss Confederation troops at the Battle of Laupen (1339)
National Symbol Swiss cross (white cross on red field)
National Colors red, white
National Anthem the Swiss anthem has four names: Schweizerpsalm [German] Cantique Suisse [French] Salmo svizzero, [Italian] Psalm svizzer [Romansch] (Swiss Psalm)

Detailed Government Information

Administrative divisions

26 cantons (cantons, singular - canton in French; cantoni, singular - cantone in Italian; Kantone, singular - Kanton in German); Aargau, Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Berne/Bern, Fribourg/Freiburg, Genève (Geneva), Glarus, Graubuenden/Grigioni/Grischun, Jura, Luzern (Lucerne), Neuchatel, Nidwalden, Obwalden, Sankt Gallen, Schaffhausen, Schwyz, Solothurn, Thurgau, Ticino, Uri, Valais/Wallis, Vaud, Zug, Zuerich note 1: the names listed above are in the canton's official language(s), with conventional names in parentheses note 2: 6 of the cantons -- Appenzell Ausserrhoden, Appenzell Innerrhoden, Basel-Landschaft, Basel-Stadt, Nidwalden, Obwalden -- are referred to as half cantons because they elect only one member (instead of two) to the Council of States, and in popular referendums where a majority of popular votes and cantonal votes are required, these 6 cantons have a half vote

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Switzerland dual citizenship recognized: yes residency requirement for naturalization: 12 years including at least 3 of the last 5 years prior to application

Constitution

history: previous 1848, 1874; latest adopted by referendum 18 April 1999, effective 1 January 2000 amendment process: proposed by the two houses of the Federal Assembly or by petition of at least one hundred thousand voters (called the "federal popular initiative"); passage of proposals requires majority vote in a referendum; following drafting of an amendment by the Assembly, its passage requires approval by majority vote in a referendum and approval by the majority of cantons

Country name

conventional long form: Swiss Confederation conventional short form: Switzerland local long form: Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft (German)/ Confederation Suisse (French)/ Confederazione Svizzera (Italian)/ Confederaziun Svizra (Romansh) local short form: Schweiz (German)/ Suisse (French)/ Svizzera (Italian)/ Svizra (Romansh) abbreviation: CH etymology: name derives from the canton of Schwyz, one of the founding cantons of the Swiss Confederacy formed in the late 13th century

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Federal Supreme Court (consists of 38 justices and 19 deputy justices organized into 7 divisions) judge selection and term of office: judges elected by the Federal Assembly for 6-year terms; judges are affiliated with political parties and are elected according to linguistic and regional criteria in approximate proportion to party representation in the Federal Assembly subordinate courts: Federal Criminal Court (established in 2004); Federal Administrative Court (established in 2007) note: each of Switzerland's 26 cantons has its own courts

Legal system

civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts, except federal decrees of a general obligatory character

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 13 (9 cultural, 4 natural) selected World Heritage Site locales: Old City of Berne (c); Swiss Alps Jungfrau-Aletsch (n); Monte San Giorgio (n); Abbey of St Gall (c); Three Castles, Defensive Wall, and Ramparts of the Market-Town of Bellinzona (c); Rhaetian Railway in the Albula/Bernina Landscapes (c); La Chaux-de-Fonds/Le Locle, Watchmaking Town Planning (c); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Benedictine Convent of St John at Müstair (c); Lavaux, Vineyard Terraces (c)

Political parties

The Center (Die Mitte, Alleanza del Centro, Le Centre, Allianza dal Center) (merger of the Christian Democratic People's Party and the Conservative Democratic Party) Evangelical Peoples' Party or EVP/PEV Federal Democrats or EDU Geneva Citizens Movement or MCR/MCG Green Liberal Party (Gruenliberale Partei or GLP, Parti vert liberale or PVL, Partito Verde-Liberale or PVL, Partida Verde Liberale or PVL) Green Party (Gruene Partei der Schweiz or Gruene, Parti Ecologiste Suisse or Les Verts, Partito Ecologista Svizzero or I Verdi, Partida Ecologica Svizra or La Verda) The Liberals or FDP.The Liberals (FDP.Die Liberalen, PLR.Les Liberaux-Radicaux, PLR.I Liberali, Ils Liberals) Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei der Schweiz or SP, Parti Socialiste Suisse or PSS, Partito Socialista Svizzero or PSS, Partida Socialdemocratica de la Svizra or PSS) Swiss People's Party (Schweizerische Volkspartei or SVP, Union Democratique du Centre or UDC, Unione Democratica di Centro or UDC, Uniun Democratica dal Center or UDC)

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Economic Overview

high-income, non-EU European economy; top ten in GDP per capita; renowned banking and financial hub; low unemployment and inflation; slowed GDP growth post-pandemic; highly skilled but aging workforce; key pharmaceutical and precision manufacturing exporter; leader in innovation and competitiveness indices

Size & Performance

Real GDP (PPP)
$741.035 billion
Latest available estimate (2024)
2023: $731.508 billion2022: $726.544 billion
Real GDP Growth
1.3% (2024 est.)
+1.3%
GDP Per Capita (PPP)
$82,000
2023: $82,3002022: $82,800

GDP Sector Breakdown

Agriculture: 0.6%Industry: 24.7%Services: 72.0%
Origin GDP %
Agriculture 0.6%
Industry 24.7%
Services 72.0%

Trade Balance

Trade Position
Trade Surplus
$92.50 billion
Total Exports
$675.059 billion (2024 est.)
Total Imports
$582.554 billion (2024 est.)
Exports (54%) Imports (46%)

Budget Balance

Budget Position
Budget Surplus
+$1.31 billion
Revenues
$153.795 billion (2023 est.)
Expenditures
$152.488 billion (2023 est.)
Revenues (50%) Expenditures (50%)

Export Profile

Top Export Partners

12.0%
11.0%
5.0%
Note: 2023; top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Major Export Commodities

goldpackaged medicinevaccinesnitrogen compoundsbase metal watches

Import Profile

Top Import Partners

9.0%
8.0%
5.0%
Note: 2023; top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Major Import Commodities

goldpackaged medicinevaccinescarsjewelry

Labor & Employment

Total Labor Force 5.153 million (2024 est.)
General Unemployment Rate 4.2%
Youth Unemployment (Ages 15-24) 7.9%
Population Below Poverty Line 15.8% (2021 est.)

Income Inequality

Gini Coefficient (Family Income) 33.8
0 (Perfect Equality) Moderate Inequality 100 (Perfect Inequality)

Family Income / Consumption Share

Lowest 10%: 3% (2021 est.) Highest 10%: 26.6% (2021 est.)
Inequality Gap: Top 10% holds 8.9x the share of the bottom 10%.

Detailed Economic Data

Agricultural products

milksugar beetswheatpotatoesporkapplesbarleybeefmaizegrapes

Current account balance

$47.162 billion (2024 est.) $47.455 billion (2023 est.) $72.325 billion (2022 est.) note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Exchange rates

Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar - Exchange rates: 0.88 (2024 est.) 0.898 (2023 est.) 0.955 (2022 est.) 0.914 (2021 est.) 0.939 (2020 est.)

GDP - composition, by end use

Industrial production growth rate

1.7% (2024 est.) note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Industries

machinerychemicalswatchestextilesprecision instrumentstourismbankinginsurancepharmaceuticals

Inflation rate (consumer prices)

1.1% (2024 est.) 2.1% (2023 est.) 2.8% (2022 est.) note: annual % change based on consumer prices

Public debt

19.9% of GDP (2023 est.) note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Remittances

0.4% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.4% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.4% of GDP (2022 est.) note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

$909.366 billion (2024 est.) $863.892 billion (2023 est.) $923.628 billion (2022 est.) note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Taxes and other revenues

9% (of GDP) (2023 est.) note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Grid Infrastructure

Electricity Access 100%
Capacity 26.502 million kW (2023 est.)
Consumption 55.643 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Exports 33.856 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Imports 27.462 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Grid Losses: 4.81 billion kWh (2023 est.)

Generation Mix

Percentage Share of Production
hydroelectricity 53%
nuclear 34.9%
solar 6.6%
biomass and waste 4.7%
fossil fuels 0.6%
wind 0.3%

Fossil Fuels Production

Petroleum
Production 300 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Consumption 194,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Natural Gas
Consumption 2.915 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Imports 2.869 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Coal
Consumption 126,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Exports 300 metric tons (2023 est.)
Imports 156,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Intensity & Nuclear

Energy Consumption Per Capita 99.578 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Nuclear Power Profile
Operational Reactors 2.97GW (2025 est.)
Total Power Share 32.4% (2023 est.)
Shut Down Reactors 2 (2025)

Digital Access

.ch
Internet Usage 97%

Active internet users as a percentage of the total population.

Fixed Broadband

Penetration Rate 49 / 100
Total Subscriptions 4.33 million (2023 est.)

Mobile Cellular

Penetration Rate 129 / 100
Total Subscriptions 11.6 million (2024 est.)

Broadcast Media

publicly owned Swiss Broadcasting Corporation (SRG/SSR) has 8 national TV networks, 3 broadcasting in German, 3 in French, and 2 in Italian; private commercial TV stations broadcast regionally and locally; German, Italian, and French TV broadcasts widely available via multi-channel cable and satellite TV; SRG/SSR has 17 radio stations (2019)

Aviation

HB
Airports
66
As of 2025
Heliports
52
As of 2025

Railways

Total Track Length
5,296 km
National Network Data from 2020

Merchant Marine

Commercial Fleet
17 ships
Hover for vessel types breakdown As of 2023

Military Expenditures

GDP Allocation 0.7%
0.7% of GDP (2024 est.) 0.7% of GDP (2023 est.) 0.7% of GDP (2022 est.) 0.7% of GDP (2021 est.) 0.7% of GDP (2020 est.)

Active Duty Strengths

approximately 145,000 Swiss Armed Forces (2024) note: the strength figures include professional cadre (approximately 20,000 personnel), people awaiting or participating in mandatory annual training, and people who have already completed their training service obligation

Refers to active military personnel.

Service & Defense Details

Military and security forces

Swiss Armed Forces (aka Swiss Army or Schweizer Armee); Army (aka Land Forces), Swiss Air Force (2025) note: the federal police maintain internal security and report to the Federal Department of Justice and Police

Military deployments

200 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the military's inventory includes a mix of domestically produced and imported European and US weapons systems; the Swiss defense industry produces a range of military land vehicles (2025)

Military - note

the Swiss military is responsible for territorial defense, limited support to international disaster response and peacekeeping, and providing support to civil authorities when their resources are not sufficient to ward off threats to internal security or provide sufficient relief during disasters; Switzerland has long maintained a policy of military neutrality but does periodically participate in EU, NATO, Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE), and UN military and peacekeeping operations; however, Swiss units will only participate in operations under the mandate of the UN or OSCE; Switzerland joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1996; it has contributed to the NATO-led force in Kosovo (KFOR) since 1999 (2025)

Military service age and obligation

every Swiss man 18-30 is obligated to serve in the military or the alternative civilian service; women can serve on a voluntary basis; required military service is 245 days, including 18-21 weeks of basic training generally between the ages of 19-25, followed by six three-week recalls for refresher training over the following nine years; the system offers opportunities for conscripts to train as non-commissioned and commissioned officers in the militia with longer service commitments (2026) note: alternative civilian service is up to 370 days or 1.5x as many days as military service